Calistoga Geysers and Hot Springs

The Old Faithful Geyser of California is one of three geysers in the world with the designation "old faithful." These are the geysers that perform at regular intervals. A geyser exists only where conditions are right. These conditions include a natural deep subterranean supply of water, a source of heat and a series of fissures, fractures and cavities that provide a path to the surface of the earth. Surrounding rock formations must be strong enough to maintain continual onslaughts of thepressure of steam and water explosions.

Water for the Old Faithful Geyser of California comes from an underground river. When this water flows over the hot
molten magma deep in the earth, it boils and expands and is collected in large cavities. Under tremendous pressure from
the heat, and assisted by a constriction of the passage
upward, the superheated water is forced through the fissures and fractures and erupts with an outpouring of steam followed by a fulmination of hot dancing water.

Under normal conditions, the water, the heat and the underground structure all remain constant and for this reason Old Faithful erupts regularly. Conditions which cause deviations from the normal pattern seem to relate to earthquakes. The Old Faithful Geyser of California is proving itself a predictor of quakes.

For more information please visit: Old Faithful Geyser of California

The Legend of the Geysers

Long, long ago, the peaceful Ashochimi Indian tribe inhabited a rich and luxuriant valley on both sides of a river,
now known as the Russian River north of San Francisco. With ample hunting and fishing, with crops of wild clover, wild oats, acorns, roots, and berries, they lived a happy and contented
life of abundance--until Spaniards and Mexicans arrived, establishing their settlements. The Ashochimis were
compelled to hunt for adequate game farther and farther away from their homeland, because their traditional hunting grounds were overtaken by the intruders. One day, Guavo and Kolo, two young Ashochimi hunters, caught sight of an unusually large grizzly bear. They shot their barbed arrows into the monstrous animal's side. The bear dropped instantly as if dead. But the hunters knew the tricks of the grizzly, that he would fall to the ground at the slightest wound, pretending he was dead. Again the young hunters fired their flint-headed arrows and struck the bear. With four arrows in him, the grizzly got to his feet and staggered into the underbrush, leaving a trail of blood. Guavo and Kolo pursued at a safe distance, with their arrows ready. They knew it would be only a matter of time until they could claim their prize.

Up the canyon, the grizzly bear led the two young hunters, pausing occasionally to rest. Guavo and Kolo were amazed at its strength, as mile after mile the bear struggled on, never wavering from its direct course through the canyon. Most of the way was timbered with low chaparral, but, suddenly, ahead the hunters saw an open grassy spot where the grizzly bear came to a halt. To Guavo and Kolo the animal seemed to writhe in pain. They let out a victory whoop at the sight of their dying quarry. But the startled grizzly bear gave forth one more life- effort as he plunged forward into a ravine below.

Guavo and Kolo ran to the edge of the cliff, where they saw the lifeless body of the grizzly at the bottom of the gorge. At first in their excitement, they did not notice hundreds of minute jets of steam coming out of the hillside. They did not at first hear the hoarse rushing sound that filled the canyon with a continuous noise. Guavo and Kolo ran to the dead grizzly. They halted in amazement when they suddenly realized they were on the brink of a "witches' cauldron" in the midst of seething steam spouts. They wondered if the geysers had been there before the grizzly bear died. They took one horrified look at the steaming hillsides, they took one breath of the sulphurous vapour, they took one terrified glance at the trembling earth beneath them. Scared, Guavo and Kolo ran as fast as they could back to their village. Chief Asho and his council listened skeptically as the two young hunters told their story:

"After the grizzly bear died, the ground began to smoke," said Guavo.

"Water boiled and bubbled without fire," said Kolo.

"Everywhere steam came out of holes in the ground," said Guavo.

"Choking smells came from the steam," said Kolo.

"Where we stood, the ground shook and trembled," said Guavo.

Because the two young hunters were known among their tribe to be truthful, Chief Asho said, "Take twenty young braves with you and show them the way to the place you have told us about." All was true. There lay the dead grizzly bear beside the black, bubbling, steaming water."The grizzly's evil spirit brought forth the strange hot steam to heal his wounds," declared the tribal Medicine Man. "Before he died, the bear must have known this to be his healing place." They skinned the bear and cut up parts of the meat for all of the braves to carry back to their tribe. Guavo and Kolo were awarded the skin as their prize, and the tribe prepared a huge fire to roast the bear meat for a feast. Medicine Man thought the healing steam jets might help their sick people. He led the tribal men and built platforms over the steaming area, then placed their invalids upon them. But that night, strange sounds arose in the darkness and the earth trembled violently. Medicine Man remembered stories of evil spirits within grizzly bears, and became concerned that those evil spirits were trying to take charge of the geysers.

"All is not good," he warned his people. "Go back to your village and stay there."

Soon thereafter, a strange plague appeared among the tribal men.

"We must help the sick and dying," said Medicine Man. "But I am afraid for you to return to the medicinal springs, because the angry bear's spirit has caused this pestilence."

Finally, a gray-haired, beloved Ashochimi sculptor appeared before Chief Asho.

"With my special tools, I can carve a stone guardian high above the canyon, whose good spirit will appease any angry spirits below," he said as he pleaded for permission.

"Go ahead. We anxiously await the completion of your stone guardian," replied Chief Asho.

Day after day the old sculptor worked alone. He chiselled at the hard rock until it resembled a human face. Each day he carved from dawn until the light of day was nearly gone. The people watched from a distance, eagerly awaiting the time when they could return for healing at the geysers.

"Only one more day of work on the rocky head," announced the old sculptor. But that evening he did not return to the village. A terrible earthquake occurred, toppling many cliffs, and it continued shaking throughout the night.

When the sun arose the next morning, the old sculptor had disappeared; however, the stone face on the great rock was finished and stood alone above the geysers. New springs jetted forth everywhere farther down the river. Medicine Man led the men of the tribe to examine the new springs.

"It is safe now," Medicine Man announced bowing reverently toward the stone guardian of the canyon. "Let us build new platforms of willow boughs and bring the sick."

This they did. Steam vapours encircled and healed the invalids of the Ashochimi tribe miraculously. All the people rejoiced at the blessing of good health. There above them, they were always mindful of the sculptured stone face that guarded all Indians from the wrathful spirit of the dead grizzly bear. They also were mindful of their loving sculptor who gave his life in sacrifice. Guavo and Kolo were accorded special places of honour among the young braves of their tribe for their discovery of the geysers.